Strategic Statecraft in Renewable Energy Rajasthan Solar Leadership through a Game Theory Lens

Abstract

India’s solar revolution is gaining urgency amidst climate concerns and energy insecurity. This comparative study investigates Rajasthan’s ascent as the national frontrunner in solar energy, benchmarking it against four states Gujarat (West), Tamil Nadu (South), Haryana (North), and West Bengal (East) each representing a distinct region. While all possess unique solar potential, Rajasthan’s success stems from targeted policy incentives, institutional consistency, and strategic land-use planning. Using game theory tools Nash Equilibrium, Stackelberg leadership, Prisoner’s Dilemma, and signaling games the research uncovers how Rajasthan secured a stable and credible investment climate. Beyond analyzing current success, the paper explores how Rajasthan can maintain future dominance and how other regions can draw actionable lessons to enhance their renewable energy frameworks. This strategic blueprint underscores solar adoption as a multi-player game where timing, leadership, and collaboration shape long-term outcomes.