Abhi International Journal of Humanities and Law
Abhi International Journal of Humanities and Law (AIJHL) Abhi International Journal of Humanities and Law is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the exploration and advancement of knowledge in the fields of humanities and law. The journal aims to provide a platform for scholars, researchers, and practitioners to engage in discussions that connect legal principles with broader humanistic, cultural, ethical, and social contexts. It seeks to foster a deeper understanding of how law intersects with human society, individual rights, moral values, and global challenges, thus bridging the gap between legal studies and the humanities. The journal publishes a wide range ofacademic articles, including original research papers, case studies,theoretical discussions, and critical reviews, covering a variety of topicswithin both the humanities and legal disciplines. These include but are notlimited to, philosophy of law, legal history, international law, constitutionallaw, human rights, ethics, political science, sociology, literature and law,and cultural studies. By promoting interdisciplinary research, the journalhighlights the critical role of law in shaping and reflecting societal values,cultural norms, and historical contexts. The Abhi International Journal ofHumanities and Law aims to create a space where rigorous academic inquirymeets practical insights, offering perspectives that can inform policy, legalreforms, and societal development. Through its commitment to high-qualityresearch and academic integrity, the journal serves as a valuable resource forlegal professionals, academics, students, and policymakers worldwide,contributing to ongoing discussions on the role of law in contemporary society. Scope: In addition to theoretical and historicalstudies, the Abhi International Journal of Humanities and Law invitesempirical research, case studies, and policy analyses that explore contemporarylegal issues and their implications on society. The journal also welcomescontributions that examine legal reform, access to justice, legal education,and the role of law in addressing global challenges such as climate change,conflict resolution, and migration. By promoting scholarly work that integrateslegal principles with humanistic insights, the Abhi International Journal ofHumanities and Law aims to inspire dialogue, shape legal discourse, andcontribute to the development of a more just and informed society. Through itscommitment to academic excellence and intellectual rigor, the journal strivesto be a key resource for scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and studentsengaged in the study and practice of law and the humanities.
Atmam EduTech Publications Pvt Ltd, Jaipur, India
Use of Information Resources and Library Services in Medical College Libraries of Punjab and Haryana: A Comparative Study
Medical college libraries play a critical role in supporting evidence-based medical education, research productivity, and clinical decision-making. The rapid advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has transformed traditional libraries into hybrid information environments integrating print and electronic resources. The present study investigates the use of information resources and services in selected medical college libraries of Punjab and Haryana. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 300 respondents comprising undergraduate students, postgraduate students, faculty members, and library professionals from Government Medical College Amritsar, Government Medical College Patiala, and ESIC Medical College Faridabad. Statistical tools such as frequency distribution, percentage analysis, and chi-square tests were applied for data analysis. The findings reveal that electronic resources (78.6%) are preferred over print resources (21.4%) due to accessibility and speed. A significant association was found between user category and frequency of electronic resource usage (χ² = 18.42, p < 0.05). Major barriers include a lack of training, limited awareness of databases, and inadequate ICT infrastructure. The study concludes that strengthening digital infrastructure and information literacy programs is essential for improving the effective use of medical library resources.
अपना मोर्चा उपन्यास में युवा वर्ग की संघर्षशील चेतना
अपना मोर्चा उपन्यास काशीनाथ सिंह द्वारा लिखा गया है यह उपन्यास आंदोलनकारी होने के साथ-साथ सामाजिक, आर्थिक, और राजनीतिक समस्याओं को भी दर्शाता है अपना मोर्चा उपन्यास में बनारस की हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय और वहा के लोगों के जीवन पर निर्भर है हिंदू विश्वविद्यालय में छात्र कैसे अनेक समस्याओं का सामना करते हैं उनकी परीक्षाओं में बेईमानी और छात्रो के साथ पक्षपात आदि समस्याओं का बहुत सुंदर चित्रण किया गया है बी॰एच॰यू॰ के सभी छात्र एक साथ मिलकर ब्रिटिश शासन के विरुद्ध आंदोलन करते हैं जिसमें छात्रों पर बहुत से अत्याचार होते हैं नेता लोग आम जनता पर राजनीति के नाम पर अत्याचार करते हैं गरीब लोग कैसे शोषण का शिकार बन रहे हैं अपना मोर्चा उपन्यास में इन सभी समस्याओं को उजागर किया गया है।अपना मोर्चा में युवा वर्ग का सामाजिक और आर्थिक संघर्ष अपना मोर्चा उपन्यास में युवा वर्ग के सामाजिक संघर्ष का सशक्त चित्रण किया गया है। उपन्यास में जाति, वर्ग, रंग और आर्थिक स्थिति के आधार पर लोगों के साथ भेदभाव किया जाता है। जिससे युवाओं में असंतोष और संघर्ष की भावना पैदा होती है। भ्रष्टाचार: भ्रष्टाचार युवा वर्ग के सामने एक बड़ी समस्या के रूप में उभरता है। राजनीतिक नेता अपने स्वार्थ के लिए आम जनता का शोषण करते हैं तथा गरीब और मजदूर वर्ग को उनके अधिकारों से वंचित रखते हैं। मजदूरों को उनकी उचित मूल्य की आय नहीं दी जाती। और उन पर अत्याचार किए जाते हैं। शिक्षा व्यवस्था: उपन्यास में Banaras Hindu University की शिक्षा व्यवस्था की कमियों को भी उजागर किया गया है। शिक्षा प्रणाली में व्याप्त अव्यवस्था, पक्षपात और अन्य समस्याओं के कारण छात्रों को अनेक कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ता है। इन परिस्थितियों के विरुद्ध युवा वर्ग संघर्ष करता है और अपने अधिकारों तथा सामाजिक न्याय की मांग करता है। इस प्रकार अपना मोर्चा उपन्यास युवा वर्ग के सामाजिक संघर्ष, जागरूकता और परिवर्तन की आकांक्षा को प्रती ढंग से प्रस्तुत करता है।
पंजाब भारत का प्रवेश द्वार रहा है। पंजाब में विभिन्न संस्कृतियां, भाषाएं, धर्म आदि रहे हैं। पंजाब हमेशा से ही वीरता का प्रमाण देने के साथ-साथ अन्य प्रकार के कार्यों में भी योगदान देता रहा है। पंजाब में हिंदी के विकास में भी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है। हिंदी भाषा का जन्म पंजाब में हुआ और धीरे-धीरे इसका विस्तार हुआ। हिंदी की उत्तपति पंजाब से हुई। हिंदी के विकास में पंजाब का योगदान वीरगाथा काल, नाथ साहित्य, भक्ति काल में संत साहित्य, सिक्ख गुरुओं की वाणी, राम और कृष्ण साहित्य के साथ-साथ आधुनिक काल में भी देखने को मिला है। आधुनिक काल के कवियों ने हिंदी के विकास में पंजाब में बहुत योगदान दिया। पंजाब में हिंदी के विकास ने स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन के साथ-साथ राष्ट्रीय एकता बनाए रखने के लिए भी योगदान दिया। स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में हिंदी विचार विनिमय का एक प्रमुख साधन रही। जिसने लोगों को स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन के लिए प्रेरित किया। इस शोध पत्र में हिंदी के विकास में पंजाब के योगदान का अध्ययन किया गया है।
रेत की मछली : स्त्री-विमर्श के परिप्रेक्ष्य में एक अध्ययन
रेत की मछली समकालीन हिंदी साहित्य का एक महत्वपूर्ण स्त्री-विमर्शपरक उपन्यास है। इसकी लेखिका कांता भारती ने नारी जीवन की पीड़ा, संघर्ष, सामाजिक असमानता तथा आत्मसम्मान की खोज को प्रभावशाली ढंग से चित्रित किया है। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र में उपन्यास का अध्ययन स्त्री-चेतना, सामाजिक यथार्थ, नारी-अस्मिता तथा लेखिका की दृष्टि के आधार पर किया गया है।
सैली बलजीत की कहानियों में नगरीय चेतना : एक आलोचनात्मक
हिन्दी कथा-साहित्य में नगरीय जीवन की जटिलताओं, बदलते सामाजिक संबंधों, आर्थिक असमानताओं तथा आधुनिक मनुष्य के मानसिक द्वंद्व को अनेक कथाकारों ने अपनी रचनाओं का विषय बनाया है। सैली बलजीत की कहानियाँ भी इसी परंपरा का महत्वपूर्ण विस्तार उपस्थित करती हैं। उनकी कहानियों में महानगर और नगर केवल भौगोलिक इकाइयाँ नहीं हैं, बल्कि वे ऐसे जीवंत परिवेश हैं जहाँ मनुष्य अपनी पहचान, अस्तित्व, संवेदनाओं और संबंधों के संकट से निरंतर जूझता है। सैली बलजीत ने अपने कथा-संसार में नगरीय समाज के अनेक आयामों को काफी संवेदनशील दृष्टि से चित्रित किया है। उनकी कहानियों में शहरी जीवन की व्यस्तता, अकेलापन, पारिवारिक विघटन, नैतिक मूल्यों का क्षरण, आर्थिक संघर्ष, स्त्री की बदलती भूमिका, मध्यवर्गीय जीवन की विसंगतियाँ तथा आधुनिक जीवन की प्रतिस्पर्धा स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाई देती है। लेखक केवल समस्याओं का वर्णन नहीं करता, बल्कि उनके सामाजिक और मानवीय कारणों की भी पड़ताल करता है। इस शोधपत्र का उद्देश्य सैली बलजीत की कहानियों में अभिव्यक्त शहरी चेतना का आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण करना है। शोध में यह समझने का प्रयास किया गया है कि उनकी कहानियाँ आधुनिक शहरी समाज की वास्तविकताओं को किस प्रकार उद्घाटित करती हैं तथा उनमें निहित मानवीय संवेदनाएँ पाठक को किस प्रकार सामाजिक आत्मचिंतन के लिए प्रेरित करती हैं। विश्लेषण में वर्णनात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धति का उपयोग करते हुए उनकी प्रतिनिधि कहानियों के आधार पर नगरीय जीवन के विविध पक्षों का विवेचन किया गया है। विश्लेषण से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि सैली बलजीत की कहानियाँ केवल नगर-जीवन का बाहरी चित्र उपस्थित नहीं करतीं, बल्कि आधुनिक मनुष्य के भीतर उत्पन्न मानसिक तनाव, अकेलेपन, असुरक्षा और मानवीय मूल्यों के संकट को भी गहराई से अभिव्यक्त करती हैं। यही विशेषता उनकी कहानियों को समकालीन हिन्दी कथा-साहित्य में विशिष्ट स्थान प्रदान करती है।
Synthesis of the Social and Political Rules of Sikh Gurdwaras
This paper examines the social and political roles of Sikh Gurdwaras in the Bathinda district of Punjab, highlighting their contribution beyond religious worship. Using historical analysis supported by fieldwork, including interviews with Gurdwara management committees, sewadars, devotees, and local residents, the study explores how institutions such as Takht Sri Damdama Sahib, Gurdwara Peer Haji Rattan Sahib, Gurdwara Qila Mubarak Sahib, and Gurdwara Maisarkhana Sahib promote social welfare, community development, and political awareness. The findings reveal that the traditions of Langar and Seva strengthen social equality, communal harmony, and humanitarian service while supporting people during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The study further demonstrates the role of Gurdwaras in education, cultural preservation, youth awareness, interfaith harmony, and civic participation. It concludes that Sikh Gurdwaras function not only as centres of faith but also as dynamic institutions that contribute significantly to social transformation, public welfare, and democratic consciousness in contemporary Punjab.
महाभारते द्रौपदी-पात्रस्य सामाजिक-नैतिक-राजनीतिकं विश्लेषणम्
महाभारतम् भारतीयसंस्कृतेः महत्त्वपूर्णतमः महाकाव्यग्रन्थः अस्ति, यत्र न केवलं युद्धकथा, अपि तु धर्म-अधर्मयोः सूक्ष्मविवेचनम् अपि दृश्यते। अस्मिन् ग्रन्थे द्रौपदी-पात्रं विशेषतया उल्लेखनीयम् अस्ति। सा याज्ञसेनी, पाञ्चाली, कृष्णा इत्यादिभिः नामभिः विख्याता अस्ति। द्रौपदी केवलं पाण्डवानां पत्नी न, किन्तु सा स्त्रीशक्तेः, स्वाभिमानस्य, न्यायस्य च प्रतीकत्वेन प्रतिष्ठिता अस्ति। अस्य लेखस्य उद्देश्यं द्रौपदी-पात्रस्य सामाजिक, नैतिक, तथा राजनैतिकदृष्ट्या सम्यक् विश्लेषणं कर्तुम् अस्ति। लेखे तस्याः व्यक्तित्वस्य विविधाः आयामाः, तस्या भूमिकाया महत्त्वम्, तथा आधुनिकसन्दर्भेषु तस्याः प्रासंगिकता च विवेच्यते।
साइबर अपराध के संदर्भ में भारतीय दंड विधान और सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी अधिनियम का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र में साइबर अपराध के संदर्भ में भारतीय दंड विधान (आईपीसी/बीएनएस) तथा सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी अधिनियम, 2000 के प्रावधानों का तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण किया गया है। अध्ययन में साइबर अपराध की अवधारणा, उसके प्रकार, तकनीकी जटिलताओं, डिजिटल साक्ष्य, एन्क्रिप्शन, सीमा-पार अपराध तथा कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता आधारित चुनौतियों का विस्तृत परीक्षण किया गया है। साथ ही यह स्पष्ट किया गया है कि जहाँ सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी अधिनियम तक नीकी-विशिष्ट अपराधों के लिए विशेष विधिक ढाँचा प्रदान करता है, वहीं भारतीय दंड विधान पारंपरिक आपराधिक सिद्धांतों के माध्यम से डिजिटल अपराधों को दंडित करने में सहायक भूमिका निभाता है। न्यायालयीन दृष्टिकोण, विशेषकर अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता और डिजिटल साक्ष्य की स्वीकार्यता के संदर्भ में, इस क्षेत्र में संतुलन स्थापित करने का प्रयास करता है। अंततः शोध यह निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत करता है कि साइबर अपराधों के प्रभावी नियंत्रण हेतु दोनों कानूनों के मध्य समन्वित और अद्यतन विधिक ढाँचे की आवश्यकता है।
Revolutionizing Healthcare: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Medicine
Artificial intelligence in transforming the healthcare industry presents with revolutionary tools and solutions aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy, streamlining clinical workflow processes, and enabling the execution of novel treatment concepts. Its capacity to scan humongous amounts of complicated medical data has been pivotal in early detection, personalized medicine, and predictive analytics for unparalleled efficiency and accuracy. By using AI-powered applications like medical imaging tools, robotic surgery, and virtual health assistants, healthcare providers can deliver more precise and timely interventions. Further, AI-driven advances are helping to discover drugs and reduce administrative burdens, which allows medical professionals to focus more on patient care. Despite its potential, the integration of AI into healthcare is not without challenge. Issues such as algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, and lack of standardized ethical guidelines have caused significant questions regarding equity and accountability. In addition, interoperability barriers and resistance to technological adoption in clinical environments are major inhibitors to its widespread implementation. Challenges such as these require robust frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration, and strategic planning to ensure AI technologies are effectively deployed.
Robotic Surgery Healthcare Innovation Predictive Analytics Clinical Workflows Healthcare Technology
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Medical Sciences and Its Future Potential
AI is revolutionizing the field of medical sciences, changing the face of healthcare and advancing medical research. With machine learning-powered diagnostic tools, predictive analytics, and personalized medicine, AI has improved the precision, efficiency, and accessibility of healthcare services. It allows for the early detection of diseases, simplifies administrative processes, and supports drug development. AI-driven technologies, such as robotic surgery and virtual health assistants, are revolutionizing the care of patients. The paper discusses the current applications of AI in medical sciences, the challenges it faces, and its promising potential for the future, highlighting its pivotal role in shaping a smarter, more efficient healthcare system.
Mining of Closed High-Utility Itemsets in Dynamic and Incremental Databases
The strategy in this study relates to Closed High Utility Itemset mining in dynamic and incremental databases, with focus on efficiency enhancement and adaptability. The investigation was conducted with respect to tree hierarchies, vertical header lists, transaction-weighted utilization, subtree utility, and updating mechanisms for optimizing the outcomes of CHUI mining. A quantitative method was used for the validation of five hypotheses, proving substantial improvements in runtime, scalability, and accuracy of data. Results will highlight an urgent need for dynamic frameworks in AI-driven decision-making and data analysis. Future work should consider expanded diverse database environments and alternative strategies in response to emerging trends in utility mining.
Dynamic Databases, Vertical Header Lists, Subtree Utility, Updating Mechanisms
Enhancing Transformer-based Object Detection with Novel Encoders and Matching Strategies
This paper seeks to improve transformer-based object detectors for dealing with several issues arising in terms of the large scale features with fusion, redundant tokens, and biased scales with respect to big objects. Here, innovative proposals include similarity-based deduplication encoding for removal of redundancy, Hybrid Multi-object encoding for robust cross-size attentions, and an One-to-many Positive matching for stable generation. The study used quantitative methods in evaluating detection accuracy, training convergence speed, and performance metrics using benchmark datasets such as COCO and VOC2007. Results are shown to exhibit significant improvements in accuracy, efficiency in training, and overall performance while reducing training time by 66% without decreasing or even raising the detection accuracy. These innovations provide a balance in optimizing object detection based on the Transformer, forming a basis for further advancements in object detection technologies.
Transformer-based object detection, Similarity-based Deduplication Encoder (SDE), Hybrid Multi-object Encoder (HMoE)
Enhancing Seismic Resilience of High-Tech Equipment through Advanced AI-Controlled Isolation Systems
This paper explores the seismic vulnerability of high-tech industries that rely on vibration-sensitive equipment and presents an AI-driven solution to improve protection. It proposes a piezo-electric smart isolation system (PSIS) combining Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), and Non-striking Friction (NSF) control. This paper uses a quantitative methodology to analyze the performance of the system in real-time, its adaptability, and its effect on nano-scale manufacturing processes. Results indicate that the DRL-FIS-NSF strategy significantly improves isolation performance, reduces displacement and acceleration metrics, and enhances manufacturing precision. Despite limitations such as reliance on simulations, this research demonstrates the transformative potential of AI in seismic protection for high-tech industries
Seismic Protection, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Fuzzy Inference System, High-tech Industries
Contextual Motivations in Theme-Rheme Choices: A Study of Malawian Political News
This article explores the motivations behind Theme-Rheme choices in political news reports published in the Malawian English-language printed media. While researchers agree that these choices are functional rather than arbitrary, there is a lack of consensus on what drives the selection of Theme and Rheme. Some studies argue that political discourse is driven by ideological motivations, while others point to text-based organization as the primary influence on thematic choices. Additionally, variations in thematic structures across different varieties of English suggest that regional factors may also play a role. Using Systemic Functional Grammar, this study examines political news coverage during the rise to power of Malawi’s second president, Bakili Muluzi, using data from four local newspapers. The research aims to assess how the choice of Theme and Rheme reflects ideological stances and organizational strategies in the political context. The article contends that these choices are shaped by a combination of context-dependent factors, including ideological leanings, the structure of the political discourse, and the broader socio-cultural environment. It highlights the complex interplay between linguistic structures and contextual influences in shaping the way political news is communicated. Ultimately, the study reveals that Theme-Rheme choices in Malawian political reporting are not simply a matter of grammar or ideology, but are deeply embedded in the interaction between language, power, and context.
Theme-Rheme, political discourse, Malawian media, Systemic Functional Grammar, political news, ideological motivation, text-based organization.
Moral Education through Song: Deconstructing Jando Circumcision Rites in Muwawa Village
This article explores the role of songs in imparting moral education during the circumcision rite known as Jando in Muwawa village, Senior Chief Ngokwe, in Machinga, Malawi. Initiation rites in many African communities, including Jando, serve as pivotal moments of transition, guiding initiates from one life stage to another. The focus of this study is to analyse the selected songs used during these rites, emphasizing their moral teachings and the cultural context in which they were composed. The songs reflect the agrarian way of life of the community, with many lyrics drawing on imagery from the natural world, particularly animals, to communicate lessons on behaviour, responsibility, and social roles. Through this imagery, the songs underscore the community’s deep connection to the environment, illustrating how nature shapes their understanding of human conduct. The analysis argues that although the songs are rooted in specific local contexts, the moral values they convey—such as respect, responsibility, and cooperation—hold universal relevance. The study employs a Functionalist approach to oral literature, highlighting the songs' utilitarian role in reinforcing societal values and norms. By exploring these initiation songs, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of how oral traditions function as educational tools and preserve moral teachings across generations
initiation rites, moral education, circumcision, Jando, rural Malawi, oral literature, animal imagery, agrarian context, Functionalist approach.
Lomathinda: The Untold Story of Rose Chibambo’s Political Impact
This interview, conducted on 19 December 2019 at the Little Theatre, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, features a discussion between Timwa Lipenga and Nick Tembo. Lipenga was invited to speak about her recently published book, Lomathinda: Rose Chibambo Speaks, as part of the English Department's monthly Staff and Students Research Seminar. The conversation provides insights into the creation of the book, which offers a detailed account of the life and contributions of Rose Chibambo, a pioneering Malawian political activist. Lipenga reflects on the challenges and triumphs of portraying Chibambo’s legacy, emphasizing her role in Malawi's struggle for independence and her influence as a woman leader. The interview explores themes of women's empowerment, historical representation, and the importance of documenting marginalized voices in the national narrative. Lipenga also discusses her research process, the significance of the book in contemporary Malawian literature, and the ways in which Lomathinda contributes to the ongoing conversation about gender and history in African literature. Through this dialogue, Lipenga highlights the broader cultural and political implications of giving voice to women in the historiography of Malawi.
imwa Lipenga, Nick Tembo, Lomathinda: Rose Chibambo Speaks, Rose Chibambo, Malawian political activism, women's empowerment, independence struggle.
The Materiality and Textual History of "The Flying Saucer": Rhetorical Accretion in Speculative Fiction
This article explores the textual history of The Flying Saucer by Wisdom Dede Kamkondo, first published in Malawi in 1989. Although out-of-print, rare copies of the novella are preserved in archives at Chancellor College in Malawi and Yale University Library. The paper examines how the materiality of the text, through its physical form and surrounding paratexts, influences its meaning and reception. By comparing two copies of the text, the study highlights how the condition of the physical book, its paratextual elements (such as the cover and prefaces), and textual traces in archives shape the novella’s interpretation. The article introduces the concept of “rhetorical accretion,” arguing that the layers of paratexts and material history accumulate meaning over time, transforming how the text is understood. It also sheds light on the silences within Kamkondo’s book and the omissions that have influenced its historical narrative. By focusing on the material aspects of The Flying Saucer, the study offers a new way of reading speculative fiction, examining how genre, paratext, and cultural context interact in the shaping of literary legacies. Ultimately, this research highlights the role of materiality and paratext in African literature and challenges traditional approaches to literary history, offering a deeper understanding of how texts evolve through time
Gender performativity, queer theory, LGBTI representation, homosexuality, lesbianism, anti-LGBTI cultures.
Queer Sexualities and Gender Performance in Malawian and Ugandan Short Stories
This article explores how characterization and symbolism in four short stories – Stanley Kenani’s “Love on Trial” and “In the Best Interests of the Child”, Monica Arac de Nyeko’s “Jambula Tree”, and Beatrice Lamwaka’s “Chief of the Home” – serve as narrative strategies that confront anti-LGBTI (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex) sentiments in Malawi and Uganda. The central argument posits that the gender representations in these stories resist traditional social binaries, which dominate the cultural landscapes of these nations. Through the lens of Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity, the article analyzes how these texts portray gender as fluid and dynamic, rather than fixed. These narrative strategies challenge societal norms, laws, and religious frameworks that often perpetuate homophobic attitudes towards LGBTI individuals, particularly in relation to homosexuality and lesbianism. By reading the selected short stories through a queer theoretical perspective, this article highlights the role of fiction in questioning deeply ingrained prejudices against non-normative sexualities and advocating for a more inclusive understanding of gender and sexuality.
Gender performativity, queer theory, LGBTI representation, homosexuality, lbianism, anti-LGBTI cultures.
A Cognitive Analysis of Metaphors and Metonymies in Two American Rock Songs
This research study takes an exploratory analysis of Idealized Cognitive Models in American rock songs based on the metaphorical and metonymic usages analyzed from a cognitive stylistics’ perspective. Based on songs like "Accidentally in Love" and "Livin' on a Prayer," this paper will seek to expand on the discipline of cognitive linguistics by describing how ICMs get expressed in song lyrics. The research answers questions such as the metaphors of "Accidentally in Love," the metonymies of "Livin' on a Prayer," and the conceptualization of abstracts like love and life within the songs. The study explores the place of cognitive models in constructing the overall themes of the songs and helps in the development of the broader framework of cognitive stylistics in music analysis. Using qualitative methods, the research identifies key metaphors and metonymies, which play an important role in the thematic development of the songs and their emotional appeal. The findings demonstrate the complexity of cognitive elements in rock song lyrics, revealing their significant impact on conceptualizing abstract ideas and shaping the listener's experience. This research fills in the gaps in the available studies by giving a better integrated understanding of how cognitive models function within popular music, especially the rock genre.
Idealized Cognitive Model; Metaphor; Metonymy; Semantics; American Rock; Cognitive Linguistics.
Sexual Orientation and Spiritual Well-Being: A Comparative Study of Heterosexual and Homosexual Men
This study explores the association of sexual orientation with spiritual well-being, comparing homosexual males with heterosexual males. The central research question examines if sexual orientation has a different impact on spiritual, religious, and existential well-being. Data were gathered using a qualitative approach from 60 males aged between 21 and 40 (30 homosexual and 30 heterosexual) using a spiritual well-being scale. The findings suggest no significant differences in spiritual, religious, and existential well-being between the two groups. Both homosexual and heterosexual participants defined spirituality, similarly, focusing on inner peace and personal meaning. Additionally, sexual orientation did not appear to significantly shape spiritual experiences or influence societal attitudes related to spiritual well-being. These results challenge the assumptions that spiritual experiences differ based on sexual orientation. Spiritual well-being is universal, although the sample must be larger and more diversified for the generalization to be made through further studies
Spiritual Well-Being, Homosexual, Gays, Heterosexual
Vernacular Challenges and Educational Inequality Among CHT Indigenous Populations
This study investigates the educational barriers faced by Indigenous communities in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), focusing on vernacular language obstacles and systemic prejudices within the education system. The research addresses five key questions: the specific language challenges Indigenous students encounter, manifestations of systemic prejudice, the impact of the absence of mother-tongue education, the influence of cultural biases on student engagement, and potential reforms for fostering inclusivity. A qualitative research approach, involving semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with educators, students, and community leaders, was used to identify the issues. The findings indicate that language barriers significantly affect comprehension, whereas systemic prejudices and cultural biases hinder student participation and academic success. The study recommends the implementation of mother-tongue instruction, culturally relevant curricula, and teacher training on cultural sensitivity to promote an inclusive educational environment. This research highlights the urgent need for educational reforms in the context of linguistic and cultural challenges that prevent fair access to education for Indigenous students in CHT.
Indigenous community Vernacular language Prejudice Education Barrier Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Cultural discrimination
Social Values and Lessons in African Children's Fiction
This article discusses the role of African children's literature in the promotion of moral values, cultural identity, and societal development. It emphasizes the importance of didactic themes, such as honesty, kindness, patience, perseverance, and social responsibility, which are dominant in African children's prose fiction. The article focuses on the historical and contemporary context of African children's literature, noting its roots in oral traditions and its development after colonialism. The study, through the analysis of key texts and themes in the genre, shows how these works function as tools for moral instruction, socialization, and cultural preservation. The article further explores how African children's literature reflects changing dynamics in modern society by addressing issues such as gender equality, education, and social challenges. The conclusion emphasizes further intellectual involvement in the area of children's literature and demands separate academic institutions be set up to better examine this topic.
Analyzing Graphic Methods for Enhancing Teaching in Architecture Theory, History, and Design
It presents drawing as a pedagogical tool in architectural education to further contribute to the deepening of student comprehension on architectural theory, vocabulary building, facilitation of the design process, and architecture analysis. The study examines the question of whether architectural education can be improved with drawing, comparing its efficiency with other teaching methods. Through a qualitative methodology employing case studies and classroom observation, the research identifies five core areas where drawing has an impact on learning-areas that include understanding architectural theory, building architectural vocabulary, facilitating design processes, enabling architectural analysis, and the comparative effectiveness of drawing versus traditional teaching methods. The findings indicate that drawing encourages deeper engagement with the theoretical content, helps to develop vocabulary, improves iterative design thinking, enhances analytical precision, and is even more effective than traditional teaching methods in engaging students. This study concludes that drawing is an essential tool for the enrichment of architectural education; it provides students with better understanding of the subject matter and contributes to the well-rounded development of an architectural professional.
Teaching Analysis Method Graphic Analysis