The study is about the preparation and evaluation of bucoadhesive tablets containing Midazolam microspheres for buccal drug delivery. Focusing on site-specific drug delivery, it is to enhance bioavailability and minimize first-pass metabolism for quicker delivery to the brain. Five sub-questions have been critically addressed in the research: microsphere characteristics, bioadhesive strength, controlled drug release, drug-polymer interactions, and overall drug delivery efficiency. A quantitative methodology involves the assessment of independent variables such as polymer type and microsphere formulation against dependent variables like the rate of drug release and bioadhesive strength. Results show advancements in properties of microspheres, enhanced long-term bioadhesion, controlled drug release, chemical stability, and improved overall delivery efficiency. However, the results of this study indicate significant gaps regarding long-term data and have encouraged further work on varied polymer combinations along with the extension of outcome. This work adds to the development and improvement of bucoadhesive drug delivery systems; thus, it provides potential answers to optimize therapeutic applications.
The purpose of this study is to ascertain the anthelmintic activities of seed oils produced from Ricinus communis, Brassica nigra, and Madhuca indica against Pheretima posthuma - the common model for assessing efficacy against these drugs. The measurement for paralysis and death time for the worms in the case of exposed oils was at different concentrations 10 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, and 50 mg/mL. Comparative analysis with the synthetic anthelmintic reference standard, Piperazine citrate (10 mg/mL), underscores the potential of these natural oils as sustainable alternatives. Results indicate that higher concentrations of seed oils lead to faster paralysis and death of the worms, with activity levels varying across the oils tested. The study highlights the transition from synthetic to natural anthelmintics, emphasizing the environmental and health benefits of plant-derived compounds. While the results are encouraging, the study recognizes the requirement for further research into these oils to fully validate their efficacy and safety. This research contributes to developing sustainable, eco-friendly anthelmintic therapies
This study explores the effect of foundational exercises, FIR and IIR DSP systems, and simulation tools on the learning outcomes and research attitudes of students studying Digital Signal Processing (DSP). A quantitative approach was used to investigate how these educational interventions affect students' understanding of DSP theories and practical skills. Data were collected over one semester using questionnaires and assessments of surveys carried out in DSP classes to track any shifts in understanding and attitudes. Results show that organized foundation exercises greatly improve conceptually, while inclusion of FIR and IIR systems better both theoretical and practical know-how. Lastly, tools such as Matlab and Simulink enable increased and better understanding and application of the concept of DSP. These findings indicate that the curriculum integrating these elements can actually promote deeper understanding and engagement in DSP education. Finally, the study concludes with recommendations for refining DSP teaching methods and exploring the long-term impact of these strategies on student learning.
This paper discusses the use of nanoparticles as diesel fuel additives, with a focus on their potential to improve performance and minimize emissions. It is based on a qualitative literature review in three aspects: the influence of nanoparticles on engine performance, the impact of nanoparticles on emission reduction, and interactions between nanoparticles and biodiesel-alcohol fuel blends. Significant improvements in combustion efficiency and thermal properties have been observed with nanoparticle additives, resulting in higher power output and lower emissions of NOx and particulate matter. Nanoparticles also have been shown to synergize well with biodiesel and alcohol blends, thereby optimizing fuel properties and emissions profiles. However, despite such significant advancements, inconsistencies in the results obtained, optimization of nanoparticle formulations, and understanding long-term impacts pose challenges. This study points out the potential of nanoparticles in the development of sustainable diesel engine technology and highlights areas for further exploration.
Vitamin B12, folic acid, and thyroid hormones' interaction is a critical relationship that is relevant to pregnancy, for the sake of both mothers and the babies. This article presents this association in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism. Quantitative analysis was conducted on the 160 participants, differentiated between trimester and health status. Vitamin B12 and folic acid are independent variables, while FT3, FT4, and TSH are dependent variables. Results showed trimester-specific correlations that were significant; a positive correlation between Vitamin B12 and FT3 in healthy pregnancies, a negative association between Vitamin B12 and FT4 in subclinical hypothyroid pregnancies, and a negative correlation between cord blood Vitamin B12 and TSH. Findings emphasized the need for trimester-specific monitoring and supplementation of vitamins to maintain optimal thyroid function during pregnancy. However, limitations such as observational design and sample diversity call for longitudinal studies that would help establish causal relationships. Therefore, this research contributes toward understanding vitamin-hormone interactions, providing practical insight into the management of thyroid health in pregnancy.